Essay Sample on Lewis and Clark and Their Visit of Indian Tribes

Essay Sample on Lewis and Clark and Their Visit of Indian Tribes During their expedition, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Met and Encountered many different Indian tribes. Since Lewis and Clark met so many tribes they decided that they would greet every Indian tribe the same way. Some of the tribes greeted them with gifts, while others greeted them with immediate violence. Lewis and Clark met with the Arikara Indians on October 8,1804. When they met the Arikara Indians, only a small population of their tribe had existed. They found three Arikara villages, where most of the people lived in earth lodges. There were about 2,000 people in all of these villages combined. Arikara men wore buffalo robes, leggings and moccasins, and many warriors wielded guns that they had acquired in trade. Women were clad in fringed antelope dresses. Most of the Arikara were farmers. When crops did not grow well they resorted to shooting buffalo. Arikara men wore buffalo robes, leggings and moccasins, and many warriors wielded guns that they had acquired in trade. Women were clad in fringed antelope dresses. The Arikaras agreed to send a group east to meet with President Jefferson. However York, Clarks slave, impressed the Indians most because they never saw a black man before and because of that they thought he had special spiritual powers. Eight Blackfeet warriors encountered Meriwether Lewis and a party of the Corps of Discovery in July 1806. The Blackfeet saw the Americans as a threat to their tribe. One night the Blackfeet tried to steal the Americans guns, but failed and two of the tribes warriors were killed by Lewis and Reuben Field. From then on, the whole tribe treated the Corps of Discovery with opposition. On October 26, 1805, two Chinook chiefs and several men came to the expeditions camp to offer gifts of deer meat and root bread cakes. The captains responded by presenting the chiefs with medals and the men with trinkets. They lived next to the Columbia River in the northwestern part of Oregon. They mostly ate fish, rabbit, elk, bird eggs, and clams. For shelter they used houses made of cedar bark, teepees, and brush tents. Many of the families lived together in one house. To get around they used canoes that were hollowed out cedar trees. They also rode on horses or walked on foot. Many of the times during their encounter the Corps were stolen form and they were given unreasonable prices for food. The Hidatsa Indians lived on the upper Missouri river in North Dakota. They lived in circular earth lodges that enclosed a type of meeting place. A log wall thats purpose was to keep out invaders surrounded the village. The tribe had three villages along the Missouri river: Mahawha, Metaharta, and the largest, Menetarra. The Hidatsa became involved in trade with many of their visitors. They grew corn, tobacco, squash, and beans, which they used to trade with others. The Hidatsas did provide the Corps with a number of benefits, including key information about the route ahead. The also told them about a French trader and his wife Sacagawea. The Mandan Indians lived along the Upper Missouri River in North Dakota. They lived in two villages: Matootonha and Rooptahee. They Corps arrived at the villages in October and stayed there until the winter of 1804 where they stayed at Fort Mandan. The tribe believed that their ancestors climbed form beneath the earth by means of a grapevine. A post stood at the center of the village that symbolized its hero. At the north end of each plaza was its medicine lodge. The more powerful a family was the closer its lodge was to the center. They grew beans, squash, corn, and tobacco. Everything from meat products to horses to musical instruments was exchanged for Mandan corn. When food was running low the Corps went with the Mandans to go on a buffalo hunt. They were awed by the color of Yorks skin and they too thought he had spiritual powers because of it. The Mandans supplied the Corps with food and supplies during their stay and when spring came they bid farewell and the Corps continued on their expedition. During the first meeting of the Corps with the Teton Sioux, the Corps went through their normal ritual of meeting Indians and the tribe were not impressed by it, but instead saw the Corps as competitors for trade in the region. No one in the Corps could speak Sioux so it was very difficult for the two groups to communicate. Teton men wore hawk feathers about their heads and robes over their bodies, while women dressed in buffalo skins and robes. During the expeditionÐ ¢s stay, the Tetons held a number of celebrations scalp dances of a recent war victory over the rival Omahas. The difficulty in communication between the groups caused many misunderstandings and those little problems almost led to the point of war. But before there was a big chance of war the Corps decided to leave sooner than anything threatening to their safety could take place. The Corps met the Walla Wallas during early October in the year 1805. Since the Corps were rushing to get to the Pacific, they rejected their welcome. However the leader, Yelleppit, made them promise to return to the village on their way back. So when the Corps returned in April, they agreed to stay for a while. There were about 15 lodges in the village and because of the request by their leader, the Walla Wallas welcomed the Corps kindly. Relations between the two groups were simplified by the presence of a Shoshone woman who the Walla Wallas had captured. She translated Walla Walla to Shoshone for Sacagawea, opening the translation chain for the Corps interpreters. Yellepitt gave Clark a white horse and fish and firewood for the rest of the troops. In return Clark gave Yellepitt his sword, 100 rounds of ammunition, and other different trade objects. The Corps told the tribe their plans of leaving but Yellepitt asked them to stay one more night and they agreed to. Because of them wi lling to stay the tribe gave them horses, food, canoes, and valuable information about the next place they wanted to go. That night neighboring tribes joined the Corps and the Walla Wallas to have a big celebration where they dance to the beats played on the drums and ratlles. Throughout the duration of the journey the Corps met many different tribes that each helped them in different ways. Some supplied them with food others with supplies and others with valuable information. They were able to see that all Indians were different and none were the same. They were also able to realize that Indians werent savages; just people who were trying to get by in life. 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The Dash Familys Roles

The Dash Familys Roles The Dash Familys Roles The Dash Familys Roles By Mark Nichol The en dash is the oft-neglected middle sibling of the horizontal-line family of symbols that serve to connect words and numbers for various reasons. The em dash (- ) is the dashing member of the brood, used somewhat sparingly to indicate a sudden break in syntax- either to signal a shift in sentence construction, as here, or joining with a twin to frame a parenthetical word or phrase (just as a pair of commas would be used in the midst of a sentence or two parentheses would be employed anywhere). The smallest, the hyphen (-), is the busiest, indicating connections between words, such as when the phrase â€Å"highest scoring† is hyphenated to signal its combined modification of the word that follows in the phrase â€Å"highest-scoring player† or to link two numbers in reference to a score or vote. The en dash (–), however, sometimes steps in to take the place of the hyphen: It is employed when an open compound is part of the phrasal adjective, signaling that the entire compound, not just the last word in the compound, is linked to the next word, as in â€Å"Civil War–era artifacts† (rather than â€Å"Civil War-era† or â€Å"Civil-War-era†) or â€Å"Los Angeles–to–San Francisco flight† (rather than in â€Å"Los Angeles-to-San Francisco flight† or â€Å"Los-Angeles-to-San-Francisco flight†). Note, however, that open compounds need not be proper nouns, as this quip about an advertising agency with a name consisting of a sequence of initials demonstrates: â€Å"This alphabet soup–named firm helps get clients on the gravy train.† If a hyphen were used in place of an en dash here, the reference would (confusingly) be to a soup-named agency of an alphabet nature. (Also, some publishers, presumably for aesthetic reasons, employ en dashes in place of em dashes.) The other major function of an en dash, by the way, is to replace to to indicate a number range, as in â€Å"Answer quiz questions 1–10.† (Remember that because scores are not number ranges, a hyphen is the correct symbol for linking two totals.) In both types of usage, a hyphen is often erroneously employed in place of an en dash (though for the sake of simplicity, some publications, especially newspapers, deliberately avoid use of the en dash). Also, note that although both hyphens and en dashes are employed as minus signs, the minus sign is technically a distinct symbol that in formal publishing is set using a distinct code. In informal usage, an en dash, more equivalent in size to plus and equal signs than a hyphen, is preferable. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should KnowEmpathy "With" or Empathy "For"?45 Idioms About the Number One

A Beautiful Mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Beautiful Mind - Essay Example Ironically, trying to solve like an equation cannot work out. We find our true happiness by letting go and just let life to happen on us. ‘A beautiful mind’ is an exaggerated tale of the life law, and how terrible life can get if we attempt to solve its nonexistent formulas. John Nash is a really awkward person, poor in social situations, but astonishingly talented mathematician. He is always finding a revolutionary discovery to change life or rather a life formula. About halfway of the movie John Nash suffers from a severe form of schizophrenia. Half of places and situation existing in his life are only part of his beautiful mind. Nash gets along very well with roommate, Charles, making the audience suspicious from the start picturing that Nash does not get well with anybody else (Ebert 56). There is also Parcher who works out well with everybody and is working on a conspiracy of an atomic bomb threat against the U.S. when the conspiracy saga messes up in Nash’s head, that is when he is actually in need of mental help. He can no longer think right, feel or act right. Suddenly, he stops using medicating and his schizophrenia situation worsens. He starts to battle against hallucinations of his own instead of going back to hospital. This is the turning point in the movie were Nash gets to learn on how to really live his own life. Nash comes to learn that life is more than making discoveries: there is love involved emotions and love involved, a wife, a baby to take care of and daily joys of life. John goes back to teaching classes and shares his experience and knowledge with students instead of focusing his time with himself. At one point Nash says that dreams will gradually vanish, if we do not focus on them, and have constant action towards them. Nightmares will always recur, as long as we feed them our attention. At the end of the movie John Nash wins a Nobel Price, for his contributions in the society. A Beautiful Mind is a movie that expla ins the benefit of enjoying life and not being caught up in ridiculous theories and discoveries or fantasies for a future that may never be. Embrace life daily but don’t embrace a fantasy world (Ebert 123). A beautiful mind offered the filmmaker some rich visual possibilities, being featured with nourished intrigue, an uncommon love story and time frame spanning several years. In fact, it is one of the dynamic films of Howard’s career so far. Putting our perception of events with John Nash is required a consistent visual accentuation on his perspective, and when Daekins’ camera is often looking out with prowling crane or circling with stead cam shots. Thematic Concerns The producers of the film are trying to highlight the issue of the mind. The mind is the reason for human beings’ ingenuity, humanity and artistic originality. However, the producer is explaining the fact that sometimes, the mind can work against us. The mind is able to alter people’ s sense of being and is able to make people believe that the unreal is the real. Therefore, while the mind is a very important aspect of human beings’ lives, it can also be a set back. This is the principle that the producer of the movie, ‘’A Beautiful Mind’’ is passing across to the audience. The story, based on a true story, has noteworthy brains behind its creation (Crowe 45). For starters, we are introduced to John Nash who is a mathematical genius, who only visualizes life through numbers. He is such an avid thinker, that even when pigeons are feeding, he tries to create an algorithm that would characterize their feeding patterns. Even when he witnesses a mugging, he is describes the incident as vectors and then he summarizes it in the form of complicated formulas and theorems. Therefore, John Nash is simply trying to explain that

Exploring the development and scope of public health Essay

Exploring the development and scope of public health - Essay Example This research paper aims at analyzing the scope of alcoholism, and identification of ways of solving the problem through research. In the UK, various factors have been pointed to affect social health, individual wellbeing and the ultimate health of an individual. These factors include increase in chronic disease such as cancer, diabetes and obesity. The second one is about the concentration of the aged and the lone dwellers in the UK. Then finally the trend linked to smoking and alcohol abuse (Earle, 2004). The work at hand focuses on the alcohol abuse, describing the scope and nature of this social problem and including suggested research approaches to amend the situation. In the British community, consumption of alcohol is a normal practice that contributes significantly to the British economy. Many individuals take alcohol very responsibly while certain portions of the populations are also entangled by alcohol abuse (Earle & Sidell, 2007). One heard many things about the harmful consumption of alcohol and its negative impacts on the economy, the society and the individual’s health. Furthermore, abuse of alcohol has been observed to cause a variety of public health concerns including violence, poisoning, chronic diseases such as cirrhosis and certain cancers and accidents (Morgan, 2012). The effects of alcohol misuse in the society include lower economic status as a result of reduced productivity, frequent sick days and unemployment (Zuccato et al., 2008). Added to this, social harm occurs through high rate of divorce and rampant cases of domestic violence which are perpetuated by the individuals with high dependence on alcohol. Alcoholics are likely to be motivated to do crime and anti-social behaviors. All of these situations consequently result to higher burdens in the National Health System as characterized by the immediate demand for primary care linked to cases of alcohol-related-hospital admissions (Unwin, 2007) The Home Office and the

Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning Essay Example for Free

Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning Essay a) As Gravells (2012, pp.19) states, the legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relevant to a teacher in the lifelong learning sector will â€Å"differ depending upon the context and environment in which you teach†. For example, different organisations and employers are likely to have differing policies and guidelines, such as dress-code, time-keeping, equalities, regulating the role of the teacher. When teaching accredited courses it is necessary to be aware of the requirements of external bodies, such as Ofsted, which may inspect provision, as well as awarding and funding bodies, such as an FE College, which will require evidence to assure the quality of qualifications and courses and course attendance. There is various legislation and codes of practice relevant to the role of the teacher. Generic examples relevant to my role as a trade union tutor are listed in the table below: There will also be legislation and codes of practice relating specifically to the subject area being taught, type and age range of students, and environment. Thus, the Children Act (2004) will be relevant to those teaching learners under 18 years. I have listed in the table below some of the legislation and codes of contact relevant to my role as a trade union tutor: Health Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations (1992)| Information Technology Codes of Practice| Trade Union Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act (1992)| ACAS Code of Practice: time off for trade union duties and activities| Legislation, codes of practice and regulations can change over time, and from organisation to organisation, and course to course. It is therefore important to check these regularly and ensure that, as a teacher, your knowledge and skills are up to date. b) â€Å"boundary n., pl. –ries. 1. Something that indicates the farthest limit, as of an area; border† Sinclair, J.M. et al, 1994, pp.187. Thus, boundaries both help to both define and limit our role as teachers; they are core to recognising our own areas of responsibility and expertise, and to recognising and respecting those of other professionals with whom we may work. The boundary between the role of the teacher and the specialist is seldom clear. Therefore, to more clearly understand where appropriate boundaries lay, it is important to understand the role of the teacher. These can be broadly outlined by the teaching cycle, which consists of five processes: identify needs, plan and design, deliver/facilitate, assess and evaluate. As a teacher I may encounter barrier in each of these aspects of the teaching/learning cycle, and I may need to seek the assistance or guidance of other professionals. For example, if IT equipment is required to deliver, then it is the responsibility of the IT Officer to set this up. Similarly, at times it is necessary to invite a specialist, such as a lawyer, to provide briefings on particular areas such as legislation or to consult with them in the development of course materials. As a trade union tutor I regularly work alongside colleagues in a variety of professional roles, including: lawyers and legal advisors, dyslexia and learning support services, trade union officials, technicians and IT support, Human Resources managers, college administrators and other tutors. As a teacher it is important to engage with other professional roles in a confident, respectful and professional manner, and to recognise and continually assess when aspects of my role can be more effectively dealt with by another trained professional. And again, as Gravells (2012, pp.16) says, â€Å"If you are ever in doubt about the boundaries of your role, always ask someone else† c) â€Å"The IfL Code of Practice states: Members shall take reasonable care to ensure the safety and welfare of learners and comply with relevant statutory provisions†. (ibid., pp. 51) Having identified barriers to learning, it is then important to identify the correct services to which learners may be referred. These points of referral can be simply separated into internal and external support services. Internal services are generally those provided by the education provider or organisation. Thus, many FE colleges have student support services which might include counselling, financial support, learning support etc. Trade unions may provide less internal services for learners, but there is generally an Education Officer or department, which can provide support to learners, and sometimes bursaries, and there is usually an IT department which can provide technical support and assistance. Many unions also have Learning Organisers, who can provide specialist advice and referral, and access to Union Learning Fund (ULF) resources. In addition, full-time union officials can assist learners in negotiating time off and financial and other assistance from their employers, and will work with them to develop an Individual Learning Plan (ILP). External support services generally refers to specialist organisations can refer to organisations such as Samaritans, Lesbian Gay Switchboard, NHS Direct, which provide specialist support and advice on specific issues which may affect learners. Within trade union education, external support services may also include referring learners, with their consent, to their employer. Many employers can provide financial and other assistance with learning, and offer support for staff with dyslexia and those for whom English is a second language. There are also other organisations, such as NIACE and the Workers Education Association (WEA) which provide additional training courses. d) â€Å"A good first impression will help establish a positive working relationship with your students.†, states Gravells (2012, pp. 10), â€Å"The way you dress, act, respond to questions, offer support†, all of these factors and more will place a part in setting the boundaries and establishing appropriate behaviours amongst learners. As a teacher it is vital to set a positive example, and to facilitate learners in establishing ground rules for behaviour during lessons, such as arriving on time, keeping phones on silent and listening respectfully to others. Learners’ involvement in establishing the acceptable standards of behaviour is key to gaining their buy-in, and thus in maintaining and regulating behaviour on an ongoing basis. Establishing routines in the learning context can be helpful, and it is necessary to constantly monitor, review and evaluate the behaviours within the lesson at all stages of the teaching/learning cycle, and to encourage and engage with feedback from learners regarding their experiences. In each situation it is necessary to determine appropriate actions; if unacceptable behaviour is repeated by one or more individuals, it may be necessary to address this with learners on a one-to-one basis in order to identify and, hopefully, to address the causes of any problems or issues. Bibliography Gravells, A (2012) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector – The New Award, 5th Edition, London: Sage. Lefrancois, G.R. (2000) Psychology for Teaching, 10th Edition, Wadsworth. Sinclair, J.M. et al (1995) Collins English Dictionary Updated Edition, Harper Collins.

Antimatter :: physics antimatter matter

What is Antimatter? Albert Einstein came up with the famous equation, E=mc^2 And thus defined mass as highly concentrated energy. With sufficiently high concentrations of energy, that energy can form matter. However when this matter is created it is balanced out by the creation of antimatter. When matter and antimatter come into contact they annihilate each other and release large amounts of energy. A teaspoon of antimatter, reacting with matter, would run a car continuously for 100,000 years. Not all particles have equivalent or rather, separate antiparticles. The electron and proton, as well as quarks, have antiparticles, such as the positron and antiproton because they have a charge to reverse. The neutron has an antiparticle because, although it has no charge, it has a magnetic moment to which the antineutron is opposite. The photon, however has only mass and directional velocity, thus there is no antiphoton. Protons and neutrons also have a baryon number and their antiparticles have an equal but opposite baryon number. The History of Antimatter The existence of Antimatter was first predicted when Paul Dirac combined quantum theory and special relativity in one equation. This equation, however presented two 'solutions' to the electron. Dirac interpreted this to mean that not only was there an negatively charged electron, but there was a positively charged antielectron which had all the characteristics of an electron but an opposite charge. In 1932 Carl Anderson detected the first antielectron. While studying the tracks of cosmic particles Anderson noted a track left be something with the exact same mass as an electron, but with a positive charge. It wasn't until 1955 that the first antiproton was detected. This discovery rested on the Ernest Lawrence's creation of the Bevatron which could accelerate two protons and collide them at energies of 6.2 MeV (Mega electron Volts). The detection of the antineutron came 5 years later in 1960. It wasn't until 1955 that the first antiproton was detected. This discovery rested on the Ernest Lawrence's creation of the Bevatron which could accelerate two protons and collide them at energies of 6.2 MeV (Mega electron Volts). The detection of the antineutron came 5 years later in 1960. The next step in testing the symmetry between matter and antimatter was resolved concurrently by CERN and the Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1965 with the creation of the antidueteron. A deuteron is a nucleus from by a proton and a neutron, the antidueteron was formed by combining an antiproton and an antineutron. Antimatter :: physics antimatter matter What is Antimatter? Albert Einstein came up with the famous equation, E=mc^2 And thus defined mass as highly concentrated energy. With sufficiently high concentrations of energy, that energy can form matter. However when this matter is created it is balanced out by the creation of antimatter. When matter and antimatter come into contact they annihilate each other and release large amounts of energy. A teaspoon of antimatter, reacting with matter, would run a car continuously for 100,000 years. Not all particles have equivalent or rather, separate antiparticles. The electron and proton, as well as quarks, have antiparticles, such as the positron and antiproton because they have a charge to reverse. The neutron has an antiparticle because, although it has no charge, it has a magnetic moment to which the antineutron is opposite. The photon, however has only mass and directional velocity, thus there is no antiphoton. Protons and neutrons also have a baryon number and their antiparticles have an equal but opposite baryon number. The History of Antimatter The existence of Antimatter was first predicted when Paul Dirac combined quantum theory and special relativity in one equation. This equation, however presented two 'solutions' to the electron. Dirac interpreted this to mean that not only was there an negatively charged electron, but there was a positively charged antielectron which had all the characteristics of an electron but an opposite charge. In 1932 Carl Anderson detected the first antielectron. While studying the tracks of cosmic particles Anderson noted a track left be something with the exact same mass as an electron, but with a positive charge. It wasn't until 1955 that the first antiproton was detected. This discovery rested on the Ernest Lawrence's creation of the Bevatron which could accelerate two protons and collide them at energies of 6.2 MeV (Mega electron Volts). The detection of the antineutron came 5 years later in 1960. It wasn't until 1955 that the first antiproton was detected. This discovery rested on the Ernest Lawrence's creation of the Bevatron which could accelerate two protons and collide them at energies of 6.2 MeV (Mega electron Volts). The detection of the antineutron came 5 years later in 1960. The next step in testing the symmetry between matter and antimatter was resolved concurrently by CERN and the Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1965 with the creation of the antidueteron. A deuteron is a nucleus from by a proton and a neutron, the antidueteron was formed by combining an antiproton and an antineutron.

New England consisted their government around religion Essay

The New England and the Chesapeake regions were both from English origin. However, they had completely different societies. Each settlement had different intension of why they wanted to settle in the new world. New England and Chesapeake colonies had political, economic and social differences. The New England colonies consisted of puritans who wanted to purify the church because the Church in England was corrupt. They wanted a place where they could worship freely and work together to make a perfect society. New England consisted their government around religion. John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity quotes â€Å"God Almighty in his most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of mankind, in all times some must be rich, some poor,..† (Doc. A) This document shows their importance in god freedom and working together. The Chesapeake colonies wanted to settle in the new world because they wanted to find gold and riches. In Document C it show the comparison in men and women. There were many more men than women because their only goal was to find gold. In Document B, it shows that in the New England colonies many families were wanting to settle in the new world. For the Chesapeake colonies it was very hard for them because when they settled they did not plant any crops because they were to focused on finding gold so by the time winter came around they had no food which was called â€Å"The Starving Time† John smith in, history of Virginia quotes â€Å"Our ordinary was but meal and water so that this†¦ little relieved our wants, whereby with the extremity of the bitter cold frost†¦ more than half of us died.† (Doc F.) In the New England colonies they planted crops and one farm could feed a whole family

Consanguineous Marriage Essay

Consanguineous marriage in clinical genetics is defined as a marriage between two related individuals. The individuals come from close kin or are second cousins exhibiting inbreeding coefficient higher or equal to 0. 0156. Consanguinity is more prevalent amongst the world population residing in North Africa, West Asia, and Middle East, and among these communities’ emigrants who are currently residing in Australia, Europe, and North America. The increased public awareness programs on genetic and congenital disorders prevention in offspring has made various couples to think about reproduction and marriage. This is especially in communities that are highly consanguineous. Among these people, there has always been a lack of, or very little education concerning the effects of consanguineous marriages to the offspring. Rather, one may say that these people do not take into account what might happen if they get into such marriages. These communities are in pursuit of counseling on consanguinity. Providers of primary health care are faced with numerous challenges especially when they have to provide answers to consanguineous couples regarding their offspring anticipated health risks. Thus, it is important if health care providers are trained on areas such as consanguinity premarital and preconception counseling. Bittles (33) argues that the widespread form of consanguineous marriage globally is contracted between first cousins, those that are closely related to the parents of the marrying cousins, of whom the parents may be brothers and/or sisters. One eighth of these couples’ genes are inherited from the ancestor that is common amongst them. He also points out that national populations can be categorized into four main groups. The first group involves individuals whose consanguineous marriage accounts for approximately 1% of Unions, whilst the second category accounts for 1% to 10%, the third category is 20% to 50% whilst the final category involves individuals whose consanguinity level is unknown. Bittles (76) also points out that, regardless of the prevailing legislation, consanguineous marriage will decline in future as a result of the decline in family sizes. Today, many people have resorted to having smaller families with a few children, while some have resorted to staying single by choice. However, there will be no consistency in terms of decline across populations. The decline will be experienced amongst populations in the urban areas, amongst couples who have high levels of education, and the future generation marriages because of the focus that they lay on issues other than building a family. As the size of the family decreases, double uncle-niece and first cousin, will be extremely difficult to organize within the conventional norms of couple’s age distinctions. Similarly, there will be less emphasis for an individual to marry within the set of consanguineous union pattern as a result of increased socio-economic conditions and connections that will see off this practice slowly. In light of the above, there is limited understanding and knowledge regarding consanguinity marriage as a result of the limited number of research conducted. For instance, amongst the Western societies, the available information tends to concentrate on undesirable clinical outcomes of marriages between individuals from a close kin. The detrimental outcome impacts a minority of individuals and families. Thus, for purposes of benefiting communities and families in which one or numerous damaging recessive genes are undergoing segregation, it is of great significance if investment is put towards developing a multidisciplinary survey to estimate the problem level. This should be followed by putting in place counseling programs that are community based. Consanguineous marriages are contracted in various populous countries in the world. Additionally, in countries that are less developed, inherited disorders are lethal hence the need of life time cares under treatment facilities that are highly improved. Since consanguineous marriages increases inherited disorders, it is important for counseling programs to be put in place in order to benefit the whole of human society (Bittles, 102). According to Agarwal et al (741), in various parts of the globe, consanguineous marriages are prevalent. Consanguineous marriage in some societies make up to 60% and is often between closer biological relatives or second cousins. Approximately 10% of the population around the world is as a result of consanguineous parentage. This is despite the marriage being linked with genetic disorders, congenital malformations, and increased levels of mortality amongst offspring’s as well as reduced fitness. Consanguinity propagation and origin is often characterized with its multiple benefits that are socio-economic. Indisputably, union between relatives is essential because it provides the newly wedded couple with a sense of security. Similarly, the wife is treated well and wealth of the family always remains intact. Even though socioeconomic theory seems to be logical, it is extremely limited when it comes to explaining why people in non-consanguineous marriage societies stop from uniting with close biological links. The theory also fails in explaining first cousin marriages popularity amongst societies that practice consanguineous marriage. As a result of the socio-economic theory failure, there has emerged alternative elucidation for consanguineous marriage. Currently, extremely inbreeding low levels have been correlated with fertility increase, thus increased levels of fitness for the society and individual family. Similarly, recessive genes selection is bigger by inbreeding. All in all, marriages that occur between close kin result in families exhibiting strong support (Agarwal et al, 747). Uksel et al (134) argue that the population structure is influenced by consanguineous marriages. Accordingly, it is practiced in various parts of the globe. However, higher frequencies are experienced in the African, Asian, and Middle East populations. Consanguineous marriage is less dominant in the United States and Europe. According to studies conducted by the above authors, it is evident that despite the existence of various programs that aims at promoting child and mother health such as activities to lessen consanguineous marriages, it was extremely difficult to achieve the expected outcomes. The study also indicated that among consanguineous marriages, genetic defects were very high. This is a clear indication for the need for further studies in this area. The studies need to focus on the negative outcomes and the reason for consanguineous marriages. Also, there is a need for public education programs to increase awareness regarding the consequences of consanguineous marriage. Accordingly, there is a need for more effort to lower consanguineous marriage connected social factors. Hamamy et al (512) point out that there is a change in consanguinity rates, to be exact among cousin marriages. From one generation to the next, there is a sharp decline among first-cousin marriages. The changes are caused by various things such as female education increased rates, population influxes, increased family economic status, lower fertility rates, and increased levels of alertness regarding consanguineous marriage effects on children especially when their exists an inherited family recessive disease.

Eliot ensures that in Silas Marner all the characters get exactly what they Deserve Essay Example

Eliot ensures that in Silas Marner all the characters get exactly what they Deserve Essay Example Eliot ensures that in Silas Marner all the characters get exactly what they Deserve Paper Eliot ensures that in Silas Marner all the characters get exactly what they Deserve Paper Essay Topic: Literature The word deserve means to be entitled to or worthy of. The characters in Silas Marner have things happen to them some beneficial and some detrimental. These are usually a result of what has happened in the past. Many of the characters act foolishly and get what they deserve in return for their foolishness, but others suffer in return for other characters mistakes. Different characters act in different ways when exploring their actions what they deserve will be easily seen. Fair is fair but how fair has George Eliot been to these characters? Silas Marner is one of the only characters that one could say suffers greatly for another characters mistakes. Silas, a man who believes faithfully in G-D, lives in a religious community called Lantern Yard in an industrial town, before he moves to Raveloe. Lantern Yard is a close community; everyone including Silas would go to church together every Sunday. Undeservingly Silas is betrayed by what he thinks is a good friend in the community. He is affected deeply by the betrayal and moves to Raveloe where he begins to live his life in isolation. He loses all trust in man and becomes only involved in material things like his pot which had been his companion for twelve years. When the earthenware pot breaks Silas reaction shows that the sap of affection was not all gone. Silass heart at this stage is not completely devoid of human feeling. He becomes however, increasingly dependant on his gold and each night he closed his shutters, and made fast his doors, and drew forth his gold. As Silas grows older with just inanimate companions his heart grows harder. His gold, as he hung over it and saw it grow, gathered his power of loving together into a hard isolation like its own. The gold represents the hardness of his heart and shows that he is yearning for a human companion. William Dane stole Silass fiance and accused him of being the person that stole money from the church. William Dane the man who betrays Silas was the character who really deserved to live his life in isolation not Silas. One can see from where Silas has chose n to live that he has lost all trust in man and is secluding himself from the new community he has moved to. Silas had been a trusting man before the betrayal The prominent eyes that used to look trusting. He hardly communicates or socializes with anyone from Raveloe until the day that Dunstan Cass steals his only companion, his gold. Silas makes a big step in turning to his community for help. Silas does not help himself in making friends in the community, fifteen years since Silas Marner had first come to Raveloe, he invited no comer to step across his door-sill, and he never strolled into the village to drink a pint at the rainbow. This shows that it is not only the villagers that exclude Silas but also shows that Silas secludes himself. The villagers who never really speak to Silas are eager to hear about the robbery, they are intrigued as this is the first time Silas had ever come to them. Silas did nothing to deserve such a tragic thing to happen to him but it was for the good, it brought him out of his hibernation and enabled him to deserve to have Eppie. Godfrey named by his neighbo urs as a fine open-faced good natured young man is the opposite of what people think of him. Godfrey has much to hide and is in fact not at all open faced. Godfrey is unable to be happy and completely open-faced as he has a secret that he has yet to share. His wife Molly Farren is an opium addict and an alcoholic which, Godfrey most likely did not know until the two were married. Dunstan urged him into a secret marriage, which was a blight on his life. The word urged suggests that Godfrey did not wish to marry Molly but was pushed into it. He manages to take some responsibility for the marriage and does not just blame it all on his brothers wrong doings. the delusion was partly due to a trap laid for him by Dunstan. This shows Godfreys ability to know what is right and what is wrong. This also reveals to the reader that he is able to take some responsibility for his actions. Godfreys father, Squire Cass used to be married to Godfrey and Dunstans mother until she passed away many years ago. It shows from the description of the goings on in the Cass house that they are without a female touch in the house. coats and hats flung on the chairs half-choked fire, they seem to be disorganized and uncaring about the mess they create. The description of the house shows the moral dissolution in Cass house. Godfrey is told by his father that he is a shilly-shally fellow, he understands his sons true problem even though his father spends the majority of his time in The Rainbow. Godfrey is described by Eliot as having natural irresolution and moral cowardice which are the main reasons for his unhappiness. Godfrey knows what is right and what is wrong but he is like Dunstan in the way that he does not act on what he knows. Even though he knows that he should tell his father about his secret marriage to Molly Farren instead of paying Dunstan not to tell anyone he does not. He cannot make his mind up and do what he knows is right instead of what he thinks is right. Godfrey is lucky in that both his Brother Dunstan and Molly Farren die before anyone finding out his painful secret. He is able to marry Nancy Lammeter, a rich villager. He thinks if he were to marry her she would put order in his disorganized life. The name Eliot has used for Nancys last name Lammeter is a word that suggests measure and order Meter. Godfrey thinks that now no one will ever find out about his secret marriage he can become a nicer less bitter person. Godfrey and Nancy have a child who dies at a young age, which makes Godfrey again into a bitter person. Godfrey has a child with Molly Farren, a daughter Eppie. Godfrey never until his brothers body is recovered tells anyone about Eppie being his daughter. When Dunstans body is found Godfrey decides to tell the truth about Molly and Eppie. He expects Nancy to act in to the opposite way that she does, she shows some sort of sympathy for Godfrey but wonders why he did not tell her sooner then sixteen years later. Nancy and Godfrey cannot have children so they decide to take back what Godfrey thinks is rightfully his, they decide they want to adopt Eppie. Godfrey does not consider the fact that Eppie has grown attached to Silas. She is now eighteen and has grown up with Silas being her true father she explains to Godfrey and Nancy that she wants to stay with Silas and does not want to live with them. Godfrey did not have the right to ask to adopt Eppie; now that he could not have children he decides he wants Eppie when all those years went passed where he wants nothing to do with her or her mother. He was the blood relation to Eppie and in some ways should have been able to adopt her considering she is his child, but she is no longer a child. Godfrey did nothing to deserve Eppie, to ignore ones own child for so long and then suddenly want them is morally unmerited. Godfrey waited too long to release his secrets. He deserved to keep Nancy, he did admit what he had done wrong which was hard for him to do but because it took him so long to do right, he did not manage or deserve to get all that he wanted. Eppie is just a child when she is introduced into the novel, by her mother Molly Farren who is an alcoholic and opium addict. Eppies true father is Godfrey who has nothing to do with her until she is eighteen years old. Eppie is just a child and does not deserve to have parents that do not love her and care for her. She is alone in this world until thankfully she finds Silas. Nancy is quite naive at times but she is seen to be a morally correct character. Due to Godfreys wrongful deeds she is unable to have children with him as he has done nothing to deserve them, and has done everything to not deserve them. Nancy does get the love of Godfrey at the end of the novel which is what they both deserve, to be happy as Godfrey finally lets out the truth and Nancy in the end becomes more open minded. Dunstan also known as Dunsey, is described by his neighbours as a spiteful jeering fellow, who seemed to enjoy his drink more when other people went dry. He does not care about what people think of him as long as he gets his way. His elder brother Godfrey is in agreement with his neighbours as he believes that Dunstan would sell himself, if it was only for the pleasure of making somebody feel hed got a bad bargain. He is extremely jealous of Godfrey and as the reader can see does everything he can to get Godfrey in situations he cannot get out of. Dunstan often does selfish things in a malicious way. Dunstan, few years ago tempted his brother to marry a low class working woman. Elliot does not say exactly how Dunstan managed to do this, but the description of the situation shows that Godfrey thinks the delusion was partly due to a trap laid for him by Dunstan. He plans to inherit his fathers wealth and house by pushing Godfrey to the edge until he tells his father about his secret marriage. One dark night Dunstan is returning home after leaving Wildfire, Godfreys horse, to die after being hurt by Dunstans lack of care. While passing Silas Marners cottage he sees a gleaming of light which came from the cottage. Dunstans first thought when seeing the cottage was the rumours about Silas Marners gold. Dunstan considers carrying out one of his ideas he calls cheating a man by making him believe that he would be paid. It did not take much for Dunstan to carry out his idea, he proceeds with knocking loudly, rather enjoying the idea that the old fellow would be frightened at the sudden noise. There was no answer at the door so Dunstan felt it appropriate to push his fingers through the latch hole. He convinces himself that Silas has fallen down into the stone pit and is dead, so it is only fair that he takes the precious gold. Dunstan leaves the cottage after taking the money and finds it difficult to see, later in the novel the reader learns Dunstan never managed to make it home. Sixteen years passes with hardly any mention of Dunstans whereabouts, when suddenly his body is discovered and he is said to have fallen into the stone pit with Silass money and Godfreys gold riding whip. Ironically he had fallen in the Stone pit where he had originally thought Silas was. One could say George Eliot gave Dunstan what he deserved and one could say that she did not and that Dunstan did not deserve to die. He did wrong to Silas, his brother Godfrey and his Familys name. He took pleasure in others pain and never stopped to think about how his actions effect someone else. Dunstan never considered doing a kind act while he was alive. He only considered doing wrong he deserved the punishment he received. Dunstan was given what he deserved but in an ironic way, he had convinced himself that Silas Marner had fallen and died in the stone pit but he was wrong and it ended up him falling in the stone pit and dying. In this way Dunstan is seen to be getting what he deserved. Godfrey I think does get what he deserves, he did wrong by not claiming Eppie and telling her she was his daughter, and he lied to his friends and family. Godfreys good intentions are rewarded along with the bad things he has done. He gets what he deserves like Eppie not wanting to be adopted by him. Silas, the man who does no wrong gets the most out of all the characters in the book. He was betrayed in the beginning and Eppie to make up for it. He ends up in the end keeping Eppie with him, getting his gold back and becoming a much more sociable person. He deserved good to happen to him especially after Dunstan stealing his gold. Silas deserved every good thing he got. With this in mind I have recognised that George Eliots has been fair and makes sure the characters get exactly what they deserve.

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