Impact of Technology in Australians Lives Essay -- Technology

From invitro fertilisation to autopsy, people’s lives in Australia are potentially subject to scrutiny. The extent to which details of a particular individual’s existence are on show depends not just on the person’s own decisions but also on the decisions of related others, private firms and the state as well as inadvertent access by technology. This essay examines several points in people’s lives where they are most likely to encounter the public gaze, either now or into the future. Specifically, these junctures are the Census, The 100 point ID system and the lens of telepanoramic digital photography. Every five years, the Census provides a snapshot of Australian households. The data collected forms the basis of public planning. (How to complete your Census form 2006, p.2) On the night of August the 8th 2006, Australian households undertook the latest census. The form could be completed in either hard copy or online. Of particular interest was Question 60, Time capsule, which invited households to have a copy of their responses to the Census identified by their names in microfilm format for future reference. This information will be held in secure storage by the National Archives of Australia for 99 years when it will be made available to ‘genealogists †¦, historians, academics, social analysts, journalists, and fiction and non-fiction writers’. This option was first made available at the previous Census held in 2001 (How to complete your Census form 2006, p.17). This opportunity was welcomed by genealogists, who have long envied their British counterparts historic and full access to census data from 1841 onwards. Indeed, the 1901 census has recently been made available (Census Online 2006). In the Australian case however, t... ...to complete your census form 2006 Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra. The metroguide: a guide to Adelaide’s public transport system n.d. Adelaide Metro, Adelaide. Murray, E 2006 ‘Jail for â€Å"greedy† con woman’, The Age, September 22. Viewed 19th of October 2006 Norris, M 2006 ‘I caught our most-wanted con woman’, Woman’s Day, October 2006, pp.34-35. Privacy on the Internet: Effect on genealogy n.d. Viewed 12 October 2006 Tadros, E & Petrie, A 2006 ‘Moment of truth in the many lives of Jodie’, The Sydney Morning Herald, July 7. Viewed 19th of October 2006 Whittaker, N 1998 Controlling your credit cards, Simon & Schuster, East Roseville.

Invitational Leadership Essay

Introduction Leadership, and the study of it, has its commencement in the early civilizations. Ancient rulers, pharaohs, emperors and biblical patriarchs have one thing in common – leadership. Although scholars have been studying this phenomenon for almost two centuries, numerous definitions and theories abound throughout. However, enough similarities exist so as to define â€Å"leadership† as an effort of influence and the power to induce compliance (Wren, 1995). Leadership is a process through which an individual influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. This definition of leadership is relatively similar to that of Northouse’s (2007,p.3) And the definition of a leader stipulated by Peter Drucker is someone who has followers. The capacity to influence others is dependent on the power detained. The leader’s attitudes would definitely determine the level of productivity from his employees. A Task Orientation or Directive Behaviour reflects the concern of a leader for the actual task at hand whereas Employee Orientation or Supportive Behaviours reflects how much a leader is concerned for the people around him, providing support and encouragement for them. Concurrently, different theories have been developed for the field of leadership but we would be showing more attention to the Invitational Leadership theory. The research on the effects of Invitational Education Theory (IET) in the educational administrative process is relatively new as compared to other theories pertaining to leadership. Invitational Leadership has a different dimension from the standard theories of leadership that emphasized the process of influencing others through the use of power to an alternative leadership style that promotes collaboration and show consideration and respect for individuals in the educational system. This study comprises of two parts. Firstly, we would see the theoretical introduction of the Invitational Leadership, followed a brief comparison of the theory with other leadership theories possessing more or less the same characteristics and finally, in what ways the Invitational Leadership is more suitable to the educational community. Secondly, we would focus on what the invitational style provides in response to the demands of the school sector. Besides, we would see to what extent the invitational leadership is applied to my profession through examples drawn from my past experiences. ————————————————- 1. Theoretical part Invitational Theory Purkey (1992, p.5) defines Invitational Leadership asa theory which â€Å"is a collection of assumptions that seek to explain phenomena and provide a means of intentionally summoning people to realise their relatively boundless potential in all areas of worthwhile human endeavour† Invitational Theory is a mode of professional practice that summons the environment and all relationships formed in educational and human service organizations. It is a process for communicating caring and appropriate message intended to invite forth the realisation of human potential. It is also a way for identifying and changing those institutional and relational forces that defeat and destroy potential. Communication is vital for all social relationships or integration. Schools, as a social institution, send out complex message systems that continuously inform people of their worth, ability, and power to direct themselves. The concept of â€Å"invitation† derives from the effort provided by those who seek to communicate ideas. This involves shaping, moulding and changing. The word invite is a derivation of the Latin word invite. It probably began as vito, which means to avoid or shun. In early Roman society, vito was used to express fear of encroachment by other tribes, and to forbid their entry into Rome. As Rome became a dominant force, its citizens felt more secure and opened their borders to the world. In time, the prefix in- meaning â€Å"without† or â€Å"not,† was added, and the word invite, meaning â€Å"to receive politely,† became common and developed into invite. So by definition, an invitation is a purposive and generous act by which the invit er seeks to enroll others in the vision set forth in the invitation. From this we derive the term Invitational Leadership (Purkey & Siegel, 2002, p212). From an invitational viewpoint, individuals possess the characteristics of being able, valuable and responsible. As such, they are to be treated accordingly. Conversely, we observe a transformation from the appellations used: from â€Å"motivate,† â€Å"shape,† â€Å"reinforce,† â€Å"make,† â€Å"enhance,† â€Å"build,† and â€Å"empower† people to that of â€Å"offer,† â€Å"propose,† â€Å"present,† â€Å"encourage,† â€Å"consider,† and â€Å"summon cordially.† Similarly, in the school context, the invitational leader is the one who summons associates to higher levels of functioning and presents them with the opportunity to participate in the construction of something of mutual benefit. Ultimately, we find that this â€Å"something† is a procedure to create a better environment and a way to eliminate inequalities. Invitational Leadership offer a new perspective, an involvement for positive social change. It acknowledges our potential, our integrity, our interdependence and our responsibility to do good. Moreover, a central element in many definitions of leadership is that there is a process of influence. Leithwood et al (1999, p.6) say that â€Å"influence †¦ seems to be a necessary part of most conceptions of leadership.† Yulk (2002, p.) explains this influence process: â€Å"Most definitions of leadership reflect the assumption that it involves a social influence process whereby intentional influence is exerted by one person [or group] over other people [or groups] to structure the activities and relationships in a group or organisation.† Yulk’s use of ‘person’ or ‘group’ indicates that leadership may be exercised by individuals as well as teams. Additionally, this opinion is shared by Harris (2002) and Leithwood (2001) who both advocate distributed leadership as an alternative to traditional top-down leadership models. Invitational leadership as a model of influence It can be agreed that leadership involves influence and that it may be exercised by anyone in an organisation. In addition, Cuban (1988,p.193) points out to leadership as an influence process. â€Å"Leadership then refers to people who bend the motivations and actions of others to achieving certain goals; it implies taking initiatives and risks.† This opinion demonstrates that the process of influence is focused as it is intended to lead to specific outcomes. Furthermore, this notion is reinforced by Fidler (1997, p.25) : â€Å"followers are influenced towards goal achievement.† Eventually, a similar concept is used by Stoll and Fink (1996), that of ‘invitational’ leadership explaining how leaders function in schools. â€Å"Leadership is about communicating invitational messages to individuals and groups with whom leaders interact in order to build and act on a shared and evolving vision of enhanced educational experiences for pupils.† (p.109) At this point, I agree to what Stoll and Fink (1996) said; the role of the leader, in the school, is to work together with his collaborators towards making the institution an inclusive school which provides a good education to all pupils, irrespective of their varying abilities. Further to this, communication should be at the base of all decision making to arrive at a consensus between the different stakeholders. As it is stated in the School Management Manual, the Rector should â€Å"run the school in close collaboration with the Deputy Rector.† The Rector or the Deputy Rector, should be open to new ideas put forward by staff or pupils. The internal communication (morning assembly, form period, meeting with students’ representatives, teaching staff, head of Department etc.) of the school should be an open platform where leaders create a conviviality atmosphere among each individuals, therefore, inviting others to get engaged in the progression of the school. As we have compared the close relationship of Invitational Leadership as being a model of influence, equally, the Invitational Leadership Theory reflects a transformational dimension. Transformational Leadership enhanced the motivation, morale and performance of follower’s through a variety of mechanisms. These comprise connecting the follower’s sense of identity and self to the mission and the collective identity of the organization; being a role model for followers that inspires them; challenging followers to take greater ownership for their work, and understanding the strength and weaknesses of followers, so the leader can align them with tasks that optimize their performance. Similarly, the invitational leader invites the followers by communicating to them the mission and goal of the organisation and by accepting the individual personality. As the leader himself is a role model in displaying invitational qualities, he reinforces these qualities among his/her followers. Becoming an Invitational Leader necessitates that a leader become more consciously aware of his or her self and, by so doing, takes responsibility of how he or she defines that self. If we distinguish ourselves to be lacking in some fundamental leadership quality, then assuredly we will fail to influence others to join our cause. Furthermore, the invitational leadership enclose these servant types of values : excellence, caring, justice, and faith. Review of current literature supports the need for a change in leadership in order to adequately meet the needs of current educational institutions. Becoming an invitational leader â€Å"How can I gain the cooperation of those in my environment so that effectiveness and productivity increase and that our group function more smoothly and effectively?† The only way is by inviting, showing trust, understanding and respect (Purkey, Siegel, 2002). Intimidation and coercion, commonly used approaches, are not effective and eventually will prove to be counter-productive. They believe that there is only one motivation inside humans and that is an internal drive and desire to realise one’s own potential. In short we all want to be more, to self-actualise and to put our talents to good use by committing to something beyond ourselves. This can only be achieved by volunteered and not by pressure. Hence, I can affirm the more leaders are viewed as caring, respectful and supportive, the greater their chances of emancipating the talents and energies of their associates. Those in authority must first begin by making others feel valued if they hope to gain respect and cooperation in return. The first stage toward effective leadership is a wise, rooted sense of self. This means a commitment to find one’s own core values. The authors, Purkey & Siegel (2002) put forward that one cannot empower others without first empowering oneself. These two scholars present various ideas for cultivating all aspects of life from physical and psychological to the spiritual and intellectual. Furthermore, the leader has to present a vision of what a successful organization looks like, to set the proper environment in order to move people to embrace the organisation’s vision and to take on the individual and collective responsibility for the successes and failures of the organization. This would result in a group of self-actualizing individuals, each committed to the purpose and to one another in a supporting environment. Likewise, the school’s atmosphere should be conducive enough so as to inspire people connected to the school to be committed among themselves. Like indicated initially, the leader, that is the Rector or headmaster of the school, is the one to establish the point of contact between the administration, teaching and non-teaching staff and the students, to create avenues that the personnel would follow. Consequently, the opportunity given to each individual would unleash the potential that reside in them. Similarly, each one would adopt an invitational approach as they are constantly exposed to it in their everyday situation at school. The ability to challenge the people you lead to perform high quality will only continue over time if the leader has developed his invitational side as well. As stipulated in the School Management Manual of the Ministry of Education, Culture & Human Resources, the Rector, as the leader â€Å"builds and accompanies his teams, providing them with the required support and motivation, listening to their views and their problems and valuing their effort, support and contribution.† Walter Bennis, one of our more dynamic thinkers on leadership, has defined a leader is one who is guided by an â€Å"exciting and specific dream and who enrols others in his or her vision.† (Purkey, Siegel; 2002) thus, by providing support and motivation, school’s leaders enroll others by summoning them cordially to realise their potential. Furthermore, support for the importance of values was provided by Stoll and Fink (1996) in their study of leadership in education. They affirmed that successful leaders rely upon a strong set of values to guide their decision-making. We can contrast the decision-making process to the Participative Leadership which is defined by Leithwood et al. (2002) as a leadership style which â€Å"assumes that the decision-making processes of the group ought to be central focus for leaders† (p.12). Invitational Education Theory (IET) As stated by the author of Fundamentals of Invitational Education, the focus of Invitational Leadership in education is on the message transmitted by people, places, policies, programs, and processes (Purkey, 2008, p.7). Invitational education is based on three fundamental ideas Purkey, W.W., & Novak, J.M. (1996).: the democratic ethos, the perceptual tradition, and self-concept theory. The democratic ethos put emphasize on â€Å"deliberate dialogue and mutual respect as people work together to construct the character, practices and institutions that promote a fulfilling shared life.†(p.9) In this democratic style of leadership, it implies that whoever is concerned or affected by decisions should have a say in those decisions. The perceptual tradition states that events are always seen through the individual and cultural filters people use. Thus an important aspect of the inviting approach is to understand and validate the meaningfulness of people’s perceptions and to w ork with these perceptions to construct shared purposes.(p.10) Self-concept is the image people construct of who they are and how they fit in the world. â€Å"This system of personal beliefs is maintained, protected and by the choices the individual makes.† (p.10). Invitational education is a mode of functioning by which people are cordially, creatively and consistently summoned to realise their potential. As mentioned earlier, its focus is on the messages transmitted. However, the messages that are exchanged are never on neutral basis as they carry positive or negative, inviting or disinviting connotation. There are four fundamental values, what we call principles, which give Invitational Leaders direction and purpose. Together, these four principles form a basic set of guiding beliefs. These are respect, trust, optimism, and intentionality. Therefore the four principles take the form of propositions that offer a perspective for addressing, evaluation and modifying the total school environment. Purkey, W. W.& Novak, J. M.; (2008) testify that this standpoint allows Rectors or educators to assume an â€Å"inviting stance,† which is a focused frame-work for sustained action. Respect People are valuable, able, and responsible and should be treated accordingly. Respect is an important aspect in Invitational Leadership. It provides a new vision based on the process of summoning people cordially to move in more democratic, creative, and productive directions through non-coercive means. A democratic society emphasizes the inherent worth of all people, believes in their self-directing power, and stressed the importance of personal and social accountability. Invitational schools do the same. Purkey, W. W.& Novak, J. M. (2008) stipulates that responsibilities that are shared based on mutual respect and expectations of positive outcomes results in a cooperative relationship that recognizes each â€Å"person’s ability to accept, reject, negotiate, or hold in abeyance the messages sent to them.† (p.12) Respect is demonstrated in courteous behaviours as civility, politeness and common courtesy. Waterman and Peters (1988), in their book In Search of Excellence, reported that a special characteristic of highly successful companies is the courteous and respectful behaviours of their employees. They are â€Å"good listeners, pay attention to their customers, are courteous and treat people as adults. Respect is one of eight major characteristics that distinguish excellent companies.† Summing up, respect is important in Invitational Leadership because it is the quality that enables leaders to be a beneficial presence that has the ability to take a respectful stance toward colleagues – literally inviting others into a mutually beneficial relationship. Trust Education is a cooperative, collaborative activity. Invitational education is based on the fundamental interdependence of human beings. To establish trustworthy pattern, time and effort are necessary. Trustworthy patterns of interaction depend on people who demonstrate the following quality: reliability, genuineness, truthfulness, intent and competence. Intention The process is the product of making. A decision to purposely act in a certain way, to achieve and carry out a set of goals (Day et.al, 2001, p.34). Is defined as knowing what we intend to bring about as well as how we intend it to happen gives clarity and direction to our work (Stillion and Siegel, 2OO5, p15). Optimism People possess untapped potential in all areas of humans endeavour. Invitational educators are committed to the continuous appreciation and growth of all involved in the educative process (Day et. al, 2001, p. 34). ————————————————- 2. Invitational Leadership in practice in the educational community The focus of this study is to examine the invitational leadership style to verify if it provides the necessary skills needed in today’s educational organisations. In response to the increased need for excellent management and guidance, many leadership models have been planned and implemented to meet the demanding needs of the educational sector. Following this emptiness in the educational community, the invitational leadership was introduced in 2002 by Purkey and Siegel. Stillion and Siegel (2005) summed up the idea behind this new leadership style, â€Å"Purkey †¦ having studied human behaviour for four decades, proposed that leaders must take an invitational stance in dealing with others and in developing themselves† (p.4) According to Purkey and Novak (1996), IET is a model of practice: it adopts a systematic approach in the educational development and it provides policies and strategies for making schools more inviting. Major challenges that the school staff usually face on daily basis are issues pertaining to the students’ welfare such as indiscipline, From my observation at school, lack of guidance and clarified direction has served as a tremendous reduction of energy, time, effort and resource. It would prove difficult to delegate authority to individuals or self-managed groups when â€Å"followers do not trust each other, because they will not share information or cooperate in trying to solve mutual problems† (Yulk, 2002,p.109). The lack of invitational characteristics in a leader would slow the effective pace of work. An effective leader will work to bring about positive and long lasting change, when change is necessary within organisation. By doing so, he would invite staff into collaboration, will work carefully to bring about change in a way that the school’s member will not only be involved but would be pleased with the eventual outcome of the change. Schein (2000) disc ussed, â€Å"change programs fail because they do not take into consideration the underlying culture.† In order for an organisation to survive, it is imperative that strong and healthy relationships are formed. Likewise, these carefully formed relationships can help to formulate a culture of acceptance and desire to achieve excellence. Schein (1996) defined culture as the â€Å"set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, think about, and react to its various environments† (p.236). At the school, the Rector is a vital component in creating the culture. However, the administrators’ role in understanding that culture is equally important. This creates a sense of ownership and a shared leadership. Respect and trust thus serve as a primary component of an organisation’s healthy culture. To illustrate this idea, it is important that the Rector, educators and administrators understand what takes place within the school. Invitational Leadership argued that leader cannot create a climate of empowerment and participation if the underlying belief of culture is that everyone must do whatever the boss says they should do. I firmly agree that leadership through coercion and fear is not effective when attempting to create a productive team. Additionally, as stipulated by Purkey & Siegel (2002), messages communicate to people which inform them that they are able, responsible and worthwhile. These messages should be made accessible to every person in the school, conveying the intention of the leaders, so making everyone part of the institution. These messages are corresponded though â€Å"inter-personal action, but also through institutional policies, programmes, practices and physical environments† (Day et al., 2001, p.34). Furthermore, Purkey and Siegel (2003) postulate a specific framework by which schools can become â€Å"invitational† by concentrating on the five areas contributing to success and failures. Each one of these elements contributes to the creation of a positive school climate and ultimately a healthy and successful organisation. The Starfish Analogy by Purkey Invitational leadership focusses on five areas which contribute to the success or failure of individuals. Purkey refers to it as the Starfish Analogy: The starfish lives to eat oysters. To defend itself, the oyster has two stout shells that fasten tightly together and held in place by a powerful muscle. The starfish finds the oyster and places itself on top of its intended victim. Gradually, gently, and firmly the starfish uses each of its five points in turn to keep pressure on the oyster’s one muscle. While one point works, the other four rest. The single oyster muscle, while incredibly powerful, gets no rest. Inevitably, and irresistibly, the oyster is opened and the starfish has its meal. By constant, steady pressure from a number of points, even the strongest muscle (and the biggest challenge) can be overcome. These five areas â€Å"exist in practically every environment† and serve as a means to invite others professionally (Purkey, 1992, p.7) 1. People – Purkey (1992) affirmed that â€Å"nothing is more important in life than people. It is the people who create a respectful, optimistic5 visibility. 2. Places – refers to physical environment of an organisation. It has been suggested that places are the easiest of the five areas to change due to their visibility. 3. Policies- â€Å"policies refer to the procedures, codes, rules, written or unwritten, used to regulate the on-going functions of individuals and organizations† (Purkey, 1992,p.7) 4. Programs – play an important role in invitational leadership â€Å"because programs often focus on narrow objectives that neglect the wider scope of human needs’ (Purkey, 1002, p.7) 5. Processes – The â€Å"how something is accomplished† (Purkey & Siegel, 2003, p.125). It can be defined as the way that people, places, policies and programs are evident in schools. Purkey and Siegel (2003) refer to these five areas as a means to invite others professionally. They affirmed that â€Å"the combination of these five areas offers an almost limitless number of opportunities for the Invitational Leader, for they address the total culture †¦ of almost any organisation† (p.104) Conclusion This study was to investigate in what ways and to what degree, if any, an invitational leader impacts the overall effectiveness of the school setting. We focused in the first part on leadership qualities and characteristics which lead to success. We arrived at a common consensus that invitational leadership characteristics do influence the development of successful organizations. The invitational leadership model seeks to invite all interested stakeholders to succeed. As noted by Day, Harris, and Hadfield (2001) invitations are â€Å"messages communicated to people which inform then that they are able, responsible and worthwhile† (p.34) To conclude, it is believed that the invitational leadership model should serve as a practice to emulate in order to achieve positive results in effective leadership in schools. The active use of invitational leadership was proven to be a leadership model that should be considered effective when trying to create a healthy, positive and successful organization. ————————————————- References 1. Asbill, K. (1994). Invitational leadership: Teacher perceptions of inviting principal practices. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, School of Educational Management, New Mexico State University. 2. Day, C., Harris, A., & Hadfield, M. (2001). Grounding Knowledge of Schools in Stakeholder Realities: A Multi-Perspective Study of Effective School Leaders. School Leadership & Management, 21(1), 19-42. 3. Peters, Tom J. & Waterman, Robert H. (1988), In Search of Excellence – Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companies, HarperCollins Publishers, London. 4. Purkey, W. W & Siegel, B.L (2002). Becoming an Invitational Leader. Atlanta, USA. Brumby Holdings, Inc. 5. Purkey, W. W.& Novak, J. M. (2008). Fundamentals of Invitational Education. Kennesaw, Georgia: International Alliance for Invitational Education. 6. Purkey, W. W., & Novak, J. M. (1996). Inviting school success: A self-concept approach to teaching, learning, and democratic practice (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. 7. Purkey, W., & Schmidt, J. (1990). Invitational learning for counseling and development. Ann Arbor, MI: ERIC Counseling and Personnel Services Clearinghouse. 8. School Leadership: Concepts and Evidence; Full Report/Spring 2003. National College for School Leadership: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/5119/2/dok217-eng-chool_Leadership_Concepts_and_Evidence.pdf 9. Schein, E. H. (1996). Culture: The missing concept in organization studies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 229-240. 10. Schein, E. H. (2000). Sense and nonsense about culture and climate. In N. M. Ashkanasy, C. P. M. Wilderom, & M. F. Peterson (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Culture & Climate (pp. xxiii-xxx). Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage Publications 11. Stanley, P.H. A Bibliography For Invitational Theory and Practice. RadfordUniversity; http://www.invitationaleducation.net/journal/v11p52.htm 12. Stillion, J., & Siegel, B. (November, 2005). Expanding Invitational Leadership: Roles for the Decathlon Leader. Retrieved January 31, 2006, from http://www.kennesaw.edu/ilec/Journal/articles/2005/siegel_stillion/expand_leadership/exp†¦ 13. Wren, J. T. (1995). The leaders’ companion: Insights on leadership through the ages. New York: The Free Press. 14. Yukl, G. A. (2002) Leadership in Organizations, Fifth Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice-Hall.

Business Ethical - 637 Words

Assignment 5 BUS371 [Page 51] 1. To make the recommendations, it is first necessary to understand the product that Otis Trains is selling. It is selling high quality, detailed, small batch train sets that are targeted towards affluent makes in the 30 to 50 ages bracket. For this market, we can assess the Order Winners, Order Qualifies, and Order Losers. Quality | Order Winners | Price | Order Qualifies | Lead time (to delivery) | Order Winners/ Order losers (if too long) | Availability | Order Qualifies | Variety | Order Winners | From this analysis, it is evident that price, while important, is not critical. While important, it is not consistent with the requirements of the customer. More importantly, we must consider†¦show more content†¦2. a) Process flow chart for three Warehouses: operation- produce the eyeglass frames / storage- finished goods inventory / decision- make a decision as to where we should ship the frames / transportation – move the frame to one of the three warehouses / storage- store the frames in the warehouse. / operation - receive the order from the customer / decision – decide which warehouse will be used to ship out the order. / operation - pick, pack, and prepare to ship the order./ transportation – ship the order. Process flos for the centralized warehouse: operation – produce the eyeglass frames. / storage – finished goods inventory. / transportation – move the frame to the centralized warehouse. / storage – store the frames in the warehouse. / operation- receive the order from the customer, pick, pack, and prepare to ship the order. / transportation – ship the order. b) There are several issues that must be addressed to answer this question. The first is that of who the critical customer is. Remember that we are dealing with a chain of customers going from the purchasing agent to the eyeglass doctor. Once you have identified the critical customer, you next have to determine what it is hat they want from your frame facility. This means identifying the order winners, order qualifiers, and order losers. It may be that we are dealing with customers are more interestedShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Business Of Business Essay2018 Words   |  9 Pages All over the world business reputations are hitting a downward spiral, which is a serious concern for business leader because they hire the workers to produce the best possible outcome for their business. Business leaders are concerned about their unethical workplace being the explanation why their business is down the tube. Dr. Barry Morgan from the Archbishop of Wales support calls for an ethical busines s law. In proportion to the ethical business calling on the BBC, â€Å"Dr. Morgan believes an oathRead MoreEthical Leadership in the Universal Business World659 Words   |  3 Pagesunethical person with a good reputation or an ethical person with a reputation for injustice. Ethical leadership has long been a debate in regards to its importance and place in the universal business world. Hard wired leaders are usually very set in their ways whether those ways are ethical or not. Leaders are hard wired in terms of their morals, and ethical value and cannot change otherwise. For example a leader who is hard wired as being ethical would be an all-rounder in terms of being a moralRead MoreIs Business Bluffing Ethical?1800 Words   |  8 PagesIn recent years, business ethics has garnered a substantial amount of attention, due to reasons such as breach of trust, lying and lack of moral practices within this field. Unfortunately, these issues have led to compromising the integrity of many franchises, as well as individuals (when questioned in court). However, despite many companies/individuals being caught for implementing such practices, many have employed various tactics, to maneuver past these hurdles and continue their cycle of deceitRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues843 Words   |  4 Pages Business ethics is very important. Business ethics exam ines the moral and ethical issues that arise in a business enviroment. Ethical communication on the other hand allows the business to be honest with the customer. A business should not withhold information in order to sell a product. A great article that discusses ethical communication is About Ethical Communication in Business by Scott Thompson. This article discusses the advantages of ethics, honest communication, code of ethics, aspectsRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues1360 Words   |  6 Pages INTRODUCTION: Business ethics can be defined as the set of moral values and codes or standards of conduct in an organization. According to Wikipedia – â€Å"Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.† The particulars and specifics of theRead MoreEthical And Ethical Aspects Of Business Ethics1350 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors in business industry have provided different definitions for business ethics. Moreover, definition varies for different people and different organizations. In general, Business ethics:-- -is a set of moral values or applied ethics that’s drives the operation of business. It’s more than operating a business under existing laws. There is always a question of morality and this morality of values comes from values held by the society. But ethics for each company may have high standard toRead MoreEthical Issues Of A Business1415 Words   |  6 Pagesthe ethical issues that a business needs to take into consideration in their operational activities. Date: Ethical issues surrounding the operation of Cadburys Introduction Throughout this report I will be explaining the ethical issues that Cadburys needs to consider in their day to day activities. Also I will be focusing on the aims and objectives of the Cadburys. According to business case study the definition for business ethics is â€Å"the moral principles that guide the way a business behaveRead MoreIs Business Bluffing Ethical?1141 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome part of business. The topic of debate, however, is whether this dishonesty in business is ethical. According to Albert Carr in the article â€Å"Is Business Bluffing Ethical?†, bluffing is morally acceptable within the parameters of doing business. Carr argues that bluffing in business is closer to the strategic bluffing normally found in poker, than it is to bluffing in private life. (Carr paragraph 2) He uses a quote from Henry Taylor to describe bluffing in poker and business: â€Å"falsehood ceasesRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues1737 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness ethics examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Business ethics often encompasses many concerns such social responsibility, sustainability, labour practices and environmental development. Business ethics as a concept fundamentally applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the behavior of individuals and entire organizations. Desjardins (2011) suggests that business ethics is the study of business from an ethical viewpointRead MoreEthical Challenges Of Ethical Business Practices Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesEthics There are many challenges of ethical business practices in a non-ethical world. While some businesses do well, and are considered ethical there are some businesses that are highly questionable. As one can see through the news media some companies are so unethical, congress gets involved. Ethics are complicated enough for an individual, however, in a corporate setting the stakeholders are hoping for the multitude of people to share the same values in order for an organization to function properly

Essay on Comparing Indentured Servants and Slaves - 855 Words

Slavery and indentured servitude were the primary means of help for the wealthy in America. Either as a slave or as an indentured servant a person was required to work in the fields maintain crops, as a house servant or as the owner of debtor so chooses. The treatment of both was very similar, but the method and means to which they came to America were uniquely different as the following examples will illustrate. Broteer was an African prince of the tribe of Dukandarra in Guinea. His father, Saungm Furro, was well off and king. When Broteer was six years old, his province was invaded by a large army of about 6000 men and very well equipped. The leaders of this army required Saungm to pay a large sum of money and livestock in order for†¦show more content†¦He was then sold at a market place for four gallons of rum and a piece of calico. This is when he was named Venture, being that he was purchased by a private venture. (Smith) Another individual, Olaudah Equiano, was capture d in Nigeria. He was taken by ship across the Middle Passage. Once he was put aboard the ship, the crew roughed him up some in order to test his fortitude. Having looked around his situation, he noticed the other slaves were very dejected. He passed out and awoke with members of the party that had sold him around him. He was afraid he was being sold to be eaten, but was assured he was not. He was led to the lower decks of the ship. The stench and disgust of the area were more than he could take. Olaudah became depressed and fell very sick. He often wished that death would come and take him. Once the cargo ship was fully loaded, the space was exceedingly limited. He was beaten for not eating and whipped hourly. After finding some of his own nation, he was told that they were being taken to a white man’s country to work. This was some relief to him. He soon became so weak that he was brought to the deck and allowed to stay there. This was a minor relief as he had to witness tho se that were brought form below at near death. During a period of calm seas, several slaves successfully jumped ship. The crew was quick to react and made all slaves go below deck. After stopping the ship setting about aShow MoreRelatedLEQ1206 Words   |  5 Pagesprior to the development of the Atlantic slave trade and the time period right after its introduction and assess the impact of its emergence. To what extent did African slavery change American society? You may want to consider social, economic, and geographical. Prior to the Atlantic slave trade, the arable land along the South Atlantic seaboard were owned by wealth landowners and farmed primarily by either Native American slaves or white indentured servants. Beginning in the late 16th century andRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesThe Atlantic Slave trade can be divided into two eras. The first era of the Atlantic slave trade began on significant scale in 1502, with the Southern American Portuguese and Spanish colonies accounting for the majority of slave imports. Soon, the British, French and Dutch began to abduct people from Africa for the purpose of forming slave populations in the New World. This was the second era of the Atlantic slave trade and accounted for 97% of the total volume of the Atlantic Slave trade, with overRead MoreCompare and Contrast of Slavery Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesShymiak Johnson Intro to African American History Monday 5:30 pm – 9:30 pm HIST 221 ADC2 Professor Pate Overview: To see the differences and similarities in how slaves were treated in the Chesapeake, Low Country ( South Carolina), and Northern Colony regions. Intro: During 18th century slavery, three regions of the country had slight to very different lifestyles as well as small to very common similarities. Slavery during the 18th century influenced how slavery went forth for the nextRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesnow. It affected all aspects of an American society: politically, economically and socially. Slaves were the ones who worked on large plantations, harvesting the crops, taking care of houses, fighting for an American independence, and gave the white people a leisure time to improve their knowledge and exercise political power. From an early colonial settlement through the civil war, African-American slaves had completed a long path of oppression, abuse, and repudiation of basic liberty rights. ThoughRead More Comparing Chesapeake and New England Bay Colonies Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Chesapeake and New England Bay Colonies Curiosity and bravery led the English to discover the nations of America. These strong willed Europeans, determined to find to a new world, set out with high hopes and ambitions. Settling a variety of colonies along the coast of North America, the English were among the first true pioneers. After several expeditions and ships loads of emigrants, the English had a divergence of reasons for departing Europe for America. The settlers of theRead MoreComparing and Contrasting the Colonial Regions Established in British North America1180 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and Contrasting the Colonial Regions Established in British North America British North America by the mid 1700’s consisted of three major regions. The New England region included the colonies of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. The Middle Region included the colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. The Southern Region, also known as the Chesapeake Colonies, included the Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, andRead MoreSlavery : Slavery And Slavery901 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans to Jamestown, Virginia. The slaves came to Jamestown to work on the tobacco plantations. The slaves were also sent to other colonies such as South Carolina to work on the cotton plantations. Slaves were people who worked for no pay. This caused the land owners to make more profit from their plantations because they didn’t have to pay their workers. Southern slave owners, specifically in South Carolina, relied on slavery as a major part of their economy. ​When slaves came to Virginia many laws wereRead Moreâ€Å"Captive African and their descendants paid with their blood and sweat for the phenomenal expansion1800 Words   |  8 Pageshostility from all around. The triangular slave trade came in three stages. The first stage was to gather completed goods from Britain and ship it to Africa. The goods included things such as cloth, tobacco, guns etc. these goods are then traded with the African tribes for slaves. The second stage included shipping the slaves to America. The third stage involves taking the slave-labor induced goods and shipping them back to Europe. The Atlantic slave trade originated with the Portuguese who hadRead More Comparing the New England and Chesapeake Colonists Essay535 Words   |  3 PagesComparing the New England and Chesapeake Colonists The New England and Chesapeake colonists settled in the new world for different reasons like religious freedoms in the North and quick profits in the South. Jamestown was originally an ideal place to strike it rich for the colonists. They didnt plan on staying long, therefore not bringing many women, as seen in Doc C. The early colony began to expand after the governors imposed laws and kept things running smooth. The Pilgrims who were seekingRead MoreThe Maya And Aztec Civilizations866 Words   |  4 Pagesbottom were the commoners, the serfs, indentured servants and slaves. Within these classes they also had social rankings. (History.com). Similarly, Maya civilizations were also made up of many city-states that were each ruled by a king or high priest known as Ahau. Maya s caste system however was divided into three social classes with kings, priests and nobles at the top. Followed by officers, commoners, merchants and artisans, with peasants farmers and slaves at the bottom. The Aztecs were considered

Juvenile Delinquency Is Participation Of Illegal Behavior...

Juvenile Delinquency is participation of illegal behavior by minors. Although it is no single path to juvenile delinquency, the presence of several risk factors often increases a youth’s chance of offending. Risk factors have been defined as those characteristics, variables, or hazards that, if present for a given individual, make it more likely that this individual, rather than someone selected from the general population, will develop a disorder(May 2014). Risk factors predict an increased probability of later offending but it is true that certain protective factors may work to offset risk factors. To determine this, an assessment is given to the juvenile. This risk assessment will configure the type of intervention that will best suit the individual youth needs in order to decrease their risk of offending. The top three key social factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency in the 21st Century are family, peers, and community. In this paper I will focus on the different aspects of each top key social factor and the affects it will have on the juvenile. Family is the biggest influence for early on-set juvenile delinquency risk factors, primarily affecting children 6-11 years of age (Shader). Children learn basic concepts about good and bad from their family; they make their values and set the norm for society. Majority of the adolescents who show delinquent behaviors at an early age in any form come from families that could not give firm foundations to the children.Show MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile delinquents are defined as being minors between the ages of 10 and 18. To be considered an delinquent the minor has committed some act that violates the law. These acts aren’t called crimes as they would be for adults. Rather than being called crimes, when committed by minors these acts are called delinquent acts. Delinquent acts generally fall into two categories. The first type of delin quent act is one that would be considered a crime had an adult committed it. The second type of delinquentRead MoreBroken Homes and Juvenile Delinquency1099 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Juvenile Delinquency has been an important area of study since the turn of the twentieth century. And has reached to a point where it is now considered a social phenomenon. When we look into the word social, it could be viewed as an issue that has to do with the way we are socialized into society. However, for this purpose we would have to look at some very important questions like: How is the concept of juvenile delinquency defined? Who commits delinquent acts? How much delinquency occursRead MoreThe Juvenile Delinquency Is Rooted From Within Juvenile Delinquent Behaviors1823 Words   |  8 PagesYouth Participation in Gangs Tomas Quiroz CRM 120 California State University, Fresno, CA March 2, 2017 â€Æ' In relevance to the course of juvenile delinquency, I selected the topic of gangs. I feel that this topic is a problem in our society that is rooted from within juvenile delinquent behaviors. Now although this is a very broad subject matter, I focused my research on the mixture of distinct traits, delinquent behaviors, and early childhood experiences, that are involved among adolescent youthRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And Its Impact On Society1894 Words   |  8 PagesJuvenile Delinquency has been a major issue challenging various law enforcement professionals and sociology researchers around the world. Acts of delinquency committed by the juvenile sector particularly disrupts the social order of an egalitarian society where individual freedom is a primary societal goal. The bringing up of juveniles on the right social path requires the effort of the overall society, local community, and the family. There have been many efforts made in the U.S. to control juvenileRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : A Controversial Issue Within The Criminal Justice System2342 Words   |  10 Pages Juvenile delinquency has become a controversial issue within the Criminal Justice system. In the United States, juvenile delinquency refers to disruptive and criminal behavior committed by an individual under the age of 18. In many states, a minor at the age of 16 to 17  ½ can be tried as an adult. Once the individual reaches adulthood, the disruptive and criminal behavior is recognized as a crime. However, the criminal justice system has divided juvenile delinquency into two general types of categoriesRead MoreCauses Of Juvenile Delinquency. Authors John Hagan And1601 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of Juvenile Delinquency Authors John Hagan and Bill McCarthy of Cambridge University offer an insight between the relationship between juveniles and their participation to criminal activities. According to them, the primary theories they employed in understanding the dynamics of youth taking to the street are control theory and strain theory (Benjamin, 1999). Through control theory, the authors point out erratic parenting, family deprivation, neglect and abuse and other forms of parental rejectionRead MoreThe Relationship Between Race and Juvenile Delinquency1965 Words   |  8 PagesThe Relationship Between Race and Juvenile Delinquency Four years now researcher in the fields of psychology sociology, genetics, and the juvenile justice system have contemplated the reason why some youth turn to delinquency and violence. To investigate the reasons, for some adolescents you would have to research on a case to case basis could fall into one category of multiple categories stemming, why they act the way they do and what cause these reactions. Some researchers may want toRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : A Serious Concern For Many Law Enforcement Agencies Essay2260 Words   |  10 Pagesviolence or other illegal activities (Miller, 1975). Juveniles are the perfect targets to be recruited by gangs according to the National Gang Intelligence Center (2011). This is due to a variety of factors, many of which include the youths’ vulnerability and susceptibility to being recruited, their aggressiveness, and the less severe sentences juveniles are likely to face if caught. Understanding youth gang involvement is especially important in the field of juvenile delinquency because a significantRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And The Recidivism Rate2469 Words   |  10 Pages Juvenile Delinquency and the Recidivism Rate Nathaniel L. Rogers CJ 3090 Dr. Morrison November 24, 2014 Juvenile Delinquency and the Recidivism Rate Juvenile Delinquency seems to always find itself on the front pages of newspapers. The juvenile delinquency rate is very high in America, today. According to Seigel and Welsh (2014) juvenile delinquency is defined as the participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under the statutory age limit (p. 648). TheRead More The Development of Childhood Throughout History Essay3065 Words   |  13 Pageswere rarely enforced, and many children continued to be subjected to unfair treatment. (Siegel 15) Before the 20th Century children were treated with extreme cruelty in the home, school and by law enforcement. There was little difference between juvenile and adult offenders and both children and adults were eligible for the same type punishment. As society became more aware and sensitive to the needs of children, treatment of these children changed and it became apparent that these children formed

Case analysis for Bank of America free essay sample

Expand current app to include basic credit card and mortgage functions to increase market share of expanding mobile transaction market and shift customer activity to cost-effective channels. BOA’s entrance into local mobile payment and person-to-person P2P mobile shopping market (tap a large and growing market that currently lacks the regulation of banks and â€Å"added security†. I would like to divide strategy into two parts, short term and long term. The short term strategy is to solve the problem that how we define our market, and define population to be targeted with mobile strategy. Retain existing functionality. Enhance current app by adding basic credit card and mortgage features (increase passive customer engagement and minimize complexity). Increased customer engagement and cross-selling to make sure increasing transactions and save money. The long term strategy has three steps to executive. (1 Integrate Credit Card and Mortgage business into current Bank of America Mobile App. We will write a custom essay sample on Case analysis for Bank of America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (2 Introduce Bank of America e-commerce app which includes local mobile payment and person to person capabilities. (3 Expand to international markets using existing mobile apps to create â€Å"virtual banking† regardless of physical branch presence. For local mobile payment, Bank of America should reduce transaction cost to Bank of America and merchants. Merchants reduce costs associated with current point of sale credit card services. Instant access via Bank of America e-commerce to business accounts and transaction history. Eliminating more expensive consumer and merchant transactions could save cost to Bank of America. For person-to-person, it should cut out the middleman which means reduced transactional costs. Secure payment system that is regulated and insured like a bank, unlike the currently the only established competitor,  PayPal. P2P market has a large potential for growth, estimate 2.4 billion e-commerce transaction in 2014 and 78 million active PayPal users, 3 billion â€Å"under-banked† consumers worldwide. The benefits of its app are at following sentences. 1) Leverage Bank of America as first online and mobile bank. 2) Cost efficient way to provide additional services to existing consumers and reach previously unreachable customers. 3) Without the existing company, PayPal, there is a few competitors in this market. 4) Costs include programming and maintenance of application after roll-out. There are other additional benefits. 1) New customers poached from other bank is 38 million transactions in 2010 and 119 in 2014. 2) Expand its reach into mobile transaction market as all customer groups experience increased convenience and streamlining of banking needs. 3) App for free = limits the barriers to entry. 4) Enhance features increase the likelihood of customers finding value in mobile banking. Bank of America’s market share of mobile transactions will increase as credit card and mortgage customers from all groups utilize the app and extend their activities with the bank (as seen in Bank of America’s lessons from online banking). Incremental transactions made by mobile customers will come at a reduced expense to Bank of America.

Research Paper on Climate Change free essay sample

Global warming is also known as the green house effect, is a topic that has received much attention, in recent years; yet our Climate change is not a recent problem. Every year, almost 7 billion tons of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by human activity. Global warming is in the earths upper atmosphere directly caused by human burning of fossil, fuels, industrial, farming, and deforestation. Every year we see natural disasters that are extremely powerful. For example, In April of 2011, the country of Japan was hard hit by an earthquake that took the lives of thousands of people. If we ignore the fact now the result could be catastrophic. As humans, we all have our own opinions, but the problem of global warming should not be debated: it should be solved. The problem on Global warming has been unsolvable in the last 30 years, but modern day researchers have found various remedies to the problem that we as humans have inflicted on the earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Climate Change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A phenomenon (otherwise known as Climate change of the green house effect) whereby solar radiation that has reflected back of the surface of the earth remains trapped at atmosphere levels, due to the build-up of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses, rather than being emitted back into space. The effect of this is a warming of the global atmosphere. People that dont believe in Global warming say that there is no sciencetific proof that earths temperature is rising. Evidently they never read up on the greenhouse effect.The earths atmosphere has mix of Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide. It means that this mixture is delicate balance that makes the temperature on earth proper for plant and animal life. Global warming is indeed a scan, perpetrated by scientists with vested interests, but in need of crash courses on Geology, logic and philosophy of science. Therefore claiming that global warming is bad, dont really know even know if it really is as bad as they say it is. When considering Global warming, it is first important to know how recently statistics.Global warming has been caused by the people of the world. Many things have happened as a result. Since the beginning of 20th century, the average surface temperature has increased by 1. 1 degree Celsius. Just in the past 40 years. It has risen by a half of a degree. As of now the global sea level is rising three times faster than in the last hundred years when compared to the last three thousand years. This doesnt sound like much right away but any change in temperature causes melting to the polar ice caps. If they continue to melt, the sea level could start to rise dramatically.Furthermore, it is a fact that the average rice in temperature globally is 1. 1 degree. The starting fact is that parts of Alaska, Canada, and Northern Russia. They have experienced a rise in temperature by 5 degree Fahrenheit. This means that they are in the Northern hemisphere where there is less water. Less water means less of the new found heat is being taken away be the vast ocean. These gasses are adding up everyday. In 1987 Carbon Dioxide reached 340 parts per million and in the 1999 360 ppm. It is estimated that in 2050 the carbon dioxide count will be 600 ppm.This is at the point in which the global temperature would be higher than it has ever been and will cause serious problems unlike the warning sign we are experiencing currently. Clearly the recently statistics demonstrate that global warming has been effected in the world. We have properly talked about how global warming effect to our earth already. Another thing we should have talked in how to help to reduce the gasses on our earth. Building green homes is important both economical wise and environmental, not only do you help reduce pollution, but making your home energy-efficiently will help you reduce your bill.We can take charge in our own homes to start modifying energy usage. The CFL bulb works the same way as the regular one but making your home energy-efficient energy. This can mean as little as replacing the regular light blub to super-efficient compact fluorescent lights CFLs would be perfect in your house. The most important things in 21 century are home improvement or remodeling. Home improving can mean selecting newer appliances such as air-conditioners, furnaces, water heaters, and refrigerators.Furthermore, after remodeling or replacing the old product to energy-efficient appliances, it is always good idea take care of the huge important for climate as transportation. Transport is responsible for nearly one quarter of greenhouse gas emission world wide, is important but staring 1970 it had increased rapidly worldwide. There are many ways to help reduce the vehicles that are on the road, for every person who drives fuel-efficient cars, car pull, or uses public transportations would be as consider environmental friendlybecause it reduces polluting the atmosphere.